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	       Questions: 
	      10.
            
            According to Douthit, how might it be possible to counteract the  damaging effects of Alzheimer’s genes?   
            11.
            
            What  areas involving counseling older  adults are there few or inadequate ethical guidelines that currently  exist?   
            12.
            
            What are the  most  important predictors of harm for persons with cognitive impairment living alone? 
            13.
            
            According  to Zarit, what manifestations of dementia are more responsive to behavioral and  environmental intervention? 
            14.
            
            What  is "pseudodementia"?   
            15.
            
            As Alzheimer's disease advances, what two  advance directives are important to bring up while the patient still has  decision-making capacity?   
            16.
            
            What are the  intrapersonal issues older  adults face near the end of life? 
            17.
            
            Past therapeutic work with older adults focused  on having clients review their feelings about past negative events and  relationships. What is the theme of newer therapeutic work with older adults? 
            18.
            
            According to Welfel, what are the   guidelines to assist counselors in reporting suspected cases of elderly maltreatment/abuse?   
            19.
            
            What is the most common cause of dementia in  clients younger than 50 years of age? 
            20.
            
            What  gerontological counseling methods  have been proven effective with older clients?   
            21.
            
            What are common  interventions used with dementia clients? 
             
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	                 Answers: 
	                A.  A theme in much of the newer therapeutic work is to  help older adults rediscover and expand on existing competencies and improve  their sense of perceived efficacy. 
                      B.  by building complex verbal  skills early in life 
                      C.  Mutable conditions, such as  client's behavior, mood and functional competency, should be the  focus of treatment, though gains may be temporary. 
	                  D.  cognitive  behavior, life review, and bibliotherapy  
                      E. alcoholism and AIDS  
                      F. Autonomy/control, decision-making capacity, dignity,  existential issues and spiritual beliefs, fear, grief,
	                hopelessness, and psychodynamic issues  and counter-transference. 
	                G.  the unique needs of older adults who have cognitive  impairments, victims of abuse, and those with a terminal illness 
                    H.   the
	                durable power of attorney for health care, which  allows a family member or other person to make healthcare decisions in the  event of the patient's incapacity, and the living will.  
	                I. special  design of the care environment, reality orientation, reminiscence, validation  therapy, psychotherapy, cognitive-behavior  
	                J. a syndrome of reversible objective or subjective  cognitive problems caused by a non-organic disorder, such as clinical depression   
	                K. (1)  routinely consider elder maltreatment as a possibility  when dealing with an older client who is dependent on family or others for care (2) provide an  empathic and supportive atmosphere in which to discuss the older person's  problems  (3) gather information related  to the risk factors for abuse (4) interviewing family members separately is  more likely to result in honest disclosures than is a multiple-person session  (5) educate clients about the services available to assist them 
                    L. (1) the etiology of the cognitive impairment;  (2) the kinds of cognitive deficits exhibited; (3) the behavior disturbances  present; and (4) existing social resources                     
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