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	       Questions: 
	      8.
            
            What is the diagnostic criteria for compulsive  buying?   
            9.
            
            What must the clinician be aware of when  evaluating the shopping habits of a potential compulsive buyer?   
            10.
            
            For those with compulsive buying disorder, what  sensory factors often enhance their shopping experience?   
            11.
            
            What is the focus of group cognitive-behavioral  therapy? 
            12.
            
            What are the  main concepts behind the urge  to splurge?   
            13.
            
            When do materialist values surge?  
            14.
            
            Who is most is most likely to enter into a  marriage with debt?   
            15.
            
            What are the roots of our (American) ambivalence about  materialism?    
            16.
            
            What  were the cardinal signs of compulsive buying examined in the study?   
            17.
            
            What is the difference  between big spenders and experiencers?   
            18.
            
            The etiology of CBD is unknown, though speculation has settled on developmental, neurobiological, and cultural influences. In early life events, what is the causative factor that Psychoanalysts have suggested?             
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	                 Answers: 
	                A. 1) Shopping is an easy way to numb ourselves or    boost our self-esteem, even if relief only lasts until buyer's remorse kicks in. A    shopaholic will fill her emptiness with "stuff" she doesn't even    need. That void, in reality, may be from years of emotional or spiritual    deprivation: fear that there's never enough, whether it's    money, material objects, recognition or love.     2) Others among us may have simply developed a sense of entitlement,    unconscious of the true cost of all those items we bought "at a steal." 
                      B. Men.  
                      C.  by the colors, sounds,    lighting and odor of stores, as well as the textures of clothing. 
                      D.  normal shopping and spending behavior must be distinguished from compulsive    buying, although it may sometimes be difficult to draw a clear distinction. The clinician must be aware of the inherent    differences in shopping behavior of typical men and women, and understand    that shopping and spending generally occurs within a cultural context. 
                        E. The roots of our ambivalence about    materialism are essentially religious in nature. 
                      F.  on factors that    maintain the problematic buying behavior, and on strategies for controlling    impulsive spending and not on the individual group member’s personal    problems. 
                        G.  intrusive or senseless impulses to buy, frequent purchases of unneeded or    unaffordable items, and shopping for longer periods than intended.  
                      H.  between the ages of 8 and 9, and then again in between 12 and 13. 
                        I.  (1) frequent preoccupation    with buying or impulses to buy that is/are experienced as irresistible,    intrusive and/or senseless (2) frequent buying of more than can be afforded,    (3) frequent buying of items that are not needed, or shopping for longer    periods of time than intended (4) The buying preoccupations, impulses or    behaviors cause marked distress, are time consuming, significantly interfere    with social or occupational functioning, or result in financial problems    (e.g. indebtedness or bankruptcy) and (5) The excessive buying or shopping    behavior does not occur exclusively during periods of hypomania or mania  
                    J.  Big spenders are highly materialistic people who    enjoy spending money, often view higher prices as a quality signifier, and    who enjoy owning nice possessions. In contrast, experiencers are less    materialistic individuals who are willing to spend money on such things as    travel or fine dining, but do not seek to own expensive or lavish goods.                     
                    K.  Sexual Abuse 
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